Political Science 687V/4 A: International Peacekeeping

Winter 2003
Thursday 10-12:30
K 103

Michael Lipson
Office: K 130
Office Hours: Tuesday and Thursday 2-3, or by appointment
Office Ph. 848-2129
e-mail: michael.lipson@concordia.ca

Course Description
This course is a seminar on the theory and practice of multilateral peace operations and humanitarian intervention. The course covers the origins and evolution of peacekeeping, peace enforcement, and post-conflict peacebuilding; legal and ethical issues surrounding peace operations; and debates over peace operations doctrine and strategy. We will also consider criteria for evaluation of peace operations, causes of peace operations success and failure, and problems of managing and coordinating actors involved in peace operations. The course will examine specific cases of peacekeeping and peace enforcement. And we will consider the role of peace operations in the promotion of a liberal international order.

Course Requirements and Grading
The course grade will be determined in large part by the quality of class participation. Therefore, attendance and preparation are critical. There will be brief reading responses, student presentations, two papers, and a take home final exam. Reading responses should be about a page in length and state questions or comments regarding assigned readings. In addition, each of you, working in groups of two, will be responsible for developing discussion questions based on the readings for one specific class session and then leading the class in that discussion. Detailed guidelines for each assignment will be provided in class.

The final course grade will be calculated according to the following formula.
First Paper: 20%
Second Paper: 20%
Take Home Final Exam: 30%
Reading Response Papers: 5%
Class Participation: 15%
Class Presentations: 10%
I reserve the right to make adjustments to these weightings, especially in individual cases where a student has demonstrated improvement across the semester. Failure to make a good faith effort to complete any course requirement will result in a grade reduced from the weighted result.

Readings
The following readings are required, and are available for purchase in the bookstore.

Eastman's Poli 687V Course Packet
(Note: This packet will be produced in three volumes. Volumes I and II are required for purchase. Volume III consists of readings that are available online, and are optional to purchase but must be read online if not purchased.)
Ivo H. Daalder and Michael E. O’Hanlon, Winning Ugly: NATO’s War to Save Kosovo (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2000.)
Department of Political Science Statement on Plagiarism
The Department has zero tolerance for plagiarism.

1.  What is plagiarism? Any form of cheating, plagiarism, personation, falsification of a document as well as any other form of dishonest behaviour related to the obtention of academic gain or the avoidance of evaluative exercises committed by a student is an academic offence under the Academic Code of Conduct. To find out more about how to avoid plagiarism, see the Concordia University Student Learning Services at:

http://cdev.concordia.ca/CnD/studentlearn/Help/handouts/WritingHO/AvoidingPlagiarism.html

2. What are the consequences of getting caught? One of the following sanctions may be imposed: i) a written reprimand; ii) piece of work be re-submitted; iii) specified community service at the University of up to ten (1) hours per week for a specified period of time; iv) a failing grade for the piece of work in question or for the course if applicable; v) a failing grade and ineligibility for a supplemental examination or any other evaluative exercise for the course; vi) the obligation to take and pass courses of up to twenty-four (24) credit in addition to the total number of credits required for the student's program as specified by the Academic Hearing Board.  If the student is registered as an Independent student, the sanction will be imposed only if he or she applied and is accepted into a program. Complete regulations can be found on page 61 of the University calendar.


Reading Schedule
Readings should be completed before class on the date for which they are assigned.

Week One: Introduction: Theoretical Foundations
January 9

Recommended reading: Stephen M. Walt, "International Relations: One World, Many Theories," Foreign Policy 110 (Spring 1998), pp. 29-46.

Week Two: Peacekeeping: Origins and Definition
January 16

Karen Mingst and Margaret Karns, "Peace and Security," in The United Nations in the Post-Cold War Era 2nd ed. (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2000), pp. 74-108.

Paul F. Diehl, "Concepts and Development of International Peacekeeping," in International Peacekeeping (Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994), pp. 1-31.

Thomas F. Arnold and Heather F. Ruland, "The 'Prehistory' of Peacekeeping," in Barbara Benton, ed., Soldiers for Peace: Fifty Years of United Nations Peacekeeping (NY: Facts on File Books, 1996), pp. 10-23.

Paul Lewis, "A Short History of UN Peacekeeping," in Barbara Benton, ed., Soldiers for Peace: Fifty Years of United Nations Peacekeeping (NY: Facts on File Books, 1996), pp. 24-41.

Boutros Boutros-Ghali, An Agenda for Peace: Preventive Diplomacy, Peacemaking, and Peacekeeping Report of the Secretary General Pursuant to the Statement Adopted by the Summit Meeting of the Security Council on 31 January 1992 A/47/277-S/24111, 17 June 1992 (NY: United Nations, 1992.)

Week Three: From Traditional to Second Generation Peacekeeping
January 23

Marrack Goulding, "The Evolution of United Nations Peacekeeping," International Affairs 69, 3 (July 1993), pp. 451-464.

John McKinlay and Jarat Chopra, "Second Generation Multinational Operations," The Washington Quarterly 15, 3 (Summer 1992), pp. 113-131.

Mona Ghali, "United Nations Emergency Force I: 1956-1967," in William J. Durch, ed., The Evolution of UN Peacekeeping: Case Studies and Comparative Analysis (NY: St. Martin’s Press, 1993), pp. 104-130.

James A. Schear, "Riding the Tiger: The United Nations and Cambodia’s Struggle for Peace," in William J. Durch, ed., UN Peacekeeping, American Policy, and the Uncivil Wars of the 1990s (NY: St. Martin’s Press, 1996), pp. 135-192.

Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Supplement to An Agenda for Peace: Position Paper of the Secretary General on the Occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the United Nations A/50/60-S/1995/1, 3 January 1995 (NY: United Nations, 1995.)

Michael Barnett, "The New United Nations Politics of Peace: From Juridical Sovereignty to Empirical Sovereignty," Global Governance 1, 1 (Winter 1995), pp. 79-97.

Judith Hicks Stiehm, "Women, Peacekeeping, and Peacemaking: Gender Balance and Mainstreaming," in Louise Olsson and Torunn Tryggestad, eds., Women and International Peacekeeping (Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 2001), pp. 39-48.

Week Four: Peacekeeping and Humanitarian Intervention: International Law, Ethics, and Norms
January 30

Peter Malanczuk, "The United Nations and Peace and Security," in Akehurst's Modern Introduction to International Law 7th edition (NY: Routledge, 1997), pp. 385-430.

Michael Glennon, "The New Interventionism," Foreign Affairs 78, 3 (May/June 1999), pp. 2-7.

Anthony Clark Arend and Robert J. Beck, "International Law and the Recourse to Force: A Shift in Paradigms," in Arend and Beck, International Law and the Use of Force: Beyond the UN Charter Paradigm (NY: Routledge, 1993), pp. 177-202.

Ivo Daalder, "Emerging Answers: Kosovo, NATO, and the Use of Force," Brookings Review Summer 1999, pp. 22-25.

David Fisher, "The Ethics of Intervention," Survival 36, 1 (Spring 1994), pp. 51-59.

Martha Finnemore, "Constructing Norms of Humanitarian Intervention," in Peter J. Katzenstein, ed., The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics (NY: Columbia University Press, 1996), pp. 153-185.

Week Five: Does Peacekeeping Work? How, When, Why, and Why Not?
February 6

Paul F. Diehl, "Cases of International Peacekeeping," in International Peacekeeping (Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994), pp. 33-61.

Duane Bratt, "Assessing the Success of UN Peacekeeping Operations," in Michael Pugh, ed., The UN, Peace, and Force (Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 1997), pp. 64-81.

Daniel Druckman and Paul C. Stern, "Evaluating Peacekeeping Missions," Mershon International Studies Review 41, Supplement 1 (May 1997), pp.151-165.

Page Fortna, "Does Peacekeeping Keep Peace? And if So, How?," Paper presented at the Workshop on Peacekeeping and Politics, Institute of War and Peace Studies, Columbia University, October 18, 2002.

Michael W. Doyle, "War Making and Peace Making: The United Nations’ Post-Cold War Record," in Chester Crocker, Fen Osler Hampson, and Pamela Aall, eds., Turbulent Peace: The Challenges of Managing International Conflict (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, 2001), pp. 529-560.

Week Six: Debating Peace Operations Doctrine
February 13

John Gerard Ruggie, "The United Nations and the Collective Use of Force: Whither or Whether?" in Constructing the World Polity (NY: Routledge, 1998), pp. 240-255.

Richard Betts, "The Delusion of Impartial Intervention," Foreign Affairs 73, 6 (November/December 1994), pp. 20-33.

Charles Dobbie, "A Concept for Post-Cold War Peacekeeping," Survival 36, 3 (Autumn 1994), pp. 121-148.

Peter Viggo Jakobsen, "The Emerging Consensus on Grey Area Peace Operations Doctrine: Will It Last and Enhance Operational Effectiveness?" International Peacekeeping 7, 3 (Autumn 2000), pp. 36-56.

Canada, Department of National Defense, "Chapter 7: Operations Other Than War," in Conduct of Land Operations-Operational Level Doctrine for the Canadian Army (English) Volume 1, 1998-07-01, B-GL-300-001/FP-001, pp. 115-141.

U.S. Department of the Army, Peace Operations , [pdf format ] Field Manual 100-23 (Washington, DC: December 30, 1994), pp 1-19.

United Nations, Report of the UN Panel on Peace Operations [Brahimi Report] A/55/305 - S/2000/809, August 2000, pp. 1-14.


Midterm Break: Monday February 17-Friday February 21


Week Seven: Cases: Somalia and Sierra Leone
February 27

William J. Durch, "Introduction to Anarchy: Humanitarian Intervention and ‘State-Building’ in Somalia," in William J. Durch, ed., UN Peacekeeping, American Policy, and the Uncivil Wars of the 1990s (NY: St. Martin’s Press, 1996), pp. 311-366.

Walter Clark and Jeffrey Herbst, "Somalia and the Future of Humanitarian Intervention," Foreign Affairs 75, 2 (March/April 1996), pp. 70-85.

Andrew Maykuth, "In Sierra Leone, Hard Lessons for Peacekeepers," The Philadelphia Inquirer, November 15, 2000, p. A21.

Mark Malan, Phenyo Rakate and Angela McIntyre, chapters 1, 3-4, Peacekeeping in Sierra Leone: UNAMSIL Hits the Home Straight Institute for Security Studies [South Africa] Monograph No. 68, January 2002.

First Paper due Friday, February 28

Week Eight: Rwanda
March 6

Video in class, Frontline, The Triumph of Evil. See accompanying web page  

Report of the Independent Inquiry into the Actions of the United Nations During the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda , 15 December 1999.

Scott R. Feil, " Could 5,000 Peacekeepers Have Saved 500,000 Rwandans?: Early Intervention Reconsidered ," Report of the Institute for the Study of Diplomacy 3, 2 (April 1997.)

Alan Kuperman, "Rwanda in Retrospect," Foreign Affairs 79, 1 (January/February 2000), pp. 94-118.

Michael N. Barnett, "Peacekeeping, Indifference, and Genocide in Rwanda," in Jutta Weldes, Mark Laffey, Hugh Gusterson, and Raymond Duvall, eds., Cultures of Insecurity: States, Communities, and the Production of Danger (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1999), pp. 173-202.

Samantha Power, " Bystanders to Genocide: Why the United States Let the Rwandan Tragedy Happen ," The Atlantic Monthly, September 2001, pp. 84-108.

Week Nine: Bosnia
March 13

William J. Durch and James A. Schear, "Faultlines: UN Operations in the Former Yugoslavia," in William J. Durch, ed., UN Peacekeeping, American Policy, and the Uncivil Wars of the 1990s (NY: St. Martin’s Press, 1996), pp. 193-274.

Ivo Daalder, "The Road to Dayton," in Getting to Dayton: The Making of America's Bosnia Policy (Washington, DC: Brookings, 2000), pp. 117-161.

Ivo Daalder and Michael B.G. Froman, "Dayton's Incomplete Peace," Foreign Affairs 78, 6 (November/December 1999), pp. 106-113.

Human Rights Watch, “Executive Summary,” Hopes Betrayed: Trafficking of Women and Girls to Post-Conflict Bosnia and Herzigovina for Forced Prostitution November 2002, pp. 4-6.


"EU Offers to Take on Bosnia Peace Mission," Reuters, Friday, December 13, 2002.

Week Ten: Kosovo
March 20

Video in class, PBS Frontline War in Europe. See acompanying web page

Ivo Daalder and Michael O'Hanlon, Winning Ugly: NATO’s War to Save Kosovo (Washington, DC: Brookings, 2000), pp. 63-181.

Michael Mandelbaum, "A Perfect Failure: NATO's War Against Yugoslavia," Foreign Affairs 78, 5 (September/October 1999), pp. 2-8.

Simon Chesterman, Kosovo in Limbo: State-Building and "Substantial Autonomy" [pdf] International Peace Academy Report, August 2001, pp. 3-13.

Week Eleven: Managing Peace Operations: Military, Logistical, and Organizational Issues
March 27

I. Military Requirements of Peacekeeping
William Langewiesche, " Peace is Hell ," The Atlantic Monthly, October 2001, pp. 51-74.

Margaret Cecchine Harrell and Robert Howe, "Military Issues in Multinational Operations," in Donald C.F. Daniel and Bradd C. Hayes, eds., Beyond Traditional Peacekeeping (NY; St. Martin’s Press, 1995), pp. 189-204.

II. UN Competence
Carl Kaysen and George W. Rathjens, "Send in the Troops: A UN Foreign Legion," The Washington Quarterly 20, 1 (Winter 1997), pp. 207-228.

John  F. Hillen III, "Policing the New World Disorder: The Operational Utility of a Permanent UN Army," Strategic Review (Spring 1994), pp. 54-62.

John Hillen, "Second Generation Peacekeeping," in Blue Helmets: The Strategy of UN Military Operations 2nd ed. (Washington, DC: Brassey’s, 2000), pp. 139-182

Stuart Gordon, "Icarus Rising and Falling: The Evolution of UN Command and Control Structures," in D.S. Gordon and F.H. Toase, eds., Aspects of Peacekeeping (Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 2001), pp. 19-41.

United Nations, Report of the UN Panel on Peace Operations [Brahimi Report] A/55/305 - S/2000/809, pp. 14-42 [" Part III. United Nations Capacities to Deploy Operations Rapidly and Effectively ," and " Part IV. Headquarters Resources and Structure for Planning and Supporting Peace Operations "] August 2000.

Week Twelve: Divisions of Labour: Assigning Roles and Coordinating Actors
April 3

I. Subcontracting to Regional or Private Actors
Michael N. Barnett, "Partners in Peace? The UN, Regional Organizations, and Peacekeeping," Review of International Studies 21, 4 (October 1995), pp. 411-433.

John Hillen, "Conclusion," in Blue Helmets: The Strategy of UN Military Operations 2nd ed. (Washington, DC: Brassey’s, 2000), pp. 237-248

Michael Hirsch, "Calling All Regio-Cops," Foreign Affairs 79, 6 (November/December 2000), pp. 2-8.

Roland Paris, "Blue Helmet Blues: The End of the UN as a Security Organization?" The Washington Quarterly 20, 1 (Winter 1997), pp. 191-206.

Herbert Howe, "Lessons of Liberia: ECOMOG and Regional Peacekeeping," International Security 21, 3 (Winter 1996/97), pp. 145-176.

Steven Brayton, "Outsourcing War: Mercenaries and the Privatization of Peacekeeping," Journal of International Affairs 55, 2 (Spring 2002), pp. 303-329.

II. Civil-Military Coordination
Daniel L. Byman. "Uncertain Partners: NGOs and the Military," Survival 43, 2 (Summer 2001), pp. 97-114.

Pamela Aall, Daniel Miltenberger, and Thomas Weiss, "Interoperability and Civil-Military Coordination," in Guide to IGOs, NGOs, and the Military in Peace and Relief Operations (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, 2000), pp. 228-230.

Chuck Call and Michael Barnett, "Looking for a Few Good Cops: Peacekeeping, Peacebuilding, and CIVPOL," International Peacekeeping 6, 4 (Winter 1999), pp. 43-68.

Antonia Chandler Hayes, Abram Chayes, and George Raach, "Beyond Reform: Restructuring for More Effective Conflict Intervention," Global Governance 3, 2 (May-August 1997), pp. 117-145.

Week Thirteen: Nation-Building: Peacekeeping as the New Colonialism?
April 10

Kimberly Marten Zisk, "Balkans Peacekeeping as 'Colonialism': Civil-Military Relations and the Liberal International Community," paper presented at the International Studies Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, March 24-27, 2002.

Roland Paris, "Wilson’s Ghost: The Faulty Assumptions of Postconflict Peacebuilding," in Chester Crocker, Fen Osler Hampson, and Pamela Aall, eds., Turbulent Peace: The Challenges of Managing International Conflict (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, 2001), pp. 765-784.

James Traub, "Inventing East Timor," Foreign Affairs 79, 4 (July-August 2000), pp. 74-89.

Michael Ignatieff, "Nation-Building Lite," The New York Times Magazine July 28, 2002, pp. 26-31, 54-59.

Second Paper due Friday, April 11

Take home final exam due April 21

© 2003 Michael Lipson
All Rights Reserved.